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KK Sutjeska was established in 1948. The first basic basketball elements given to the youth of Nikšić were brought by Vojislav Spasojević, a basketball coach from Belgrade. Immediately after the initiative was taken, Vule Vukalović joined the team's administrative team along with the help of international referee Dragan Jakšić—and a serious basketball team began to take form.

The first competition in which KK Sutjeska participated in was in 1950, in a Montenegro-wide championship held in Cetinje, where Sutjeska beat Jedinstvo 24–20.

In 1955, KK Sutjeska changed its name to KK Nikšić. The name didn't last long—in 1957 the name was changed yet again, this time to KK Partizan Nikšić. In 1962 the name was changed to KK Mladost. That year in the regional championship of Montenegro, six teams competed and in the end, it was actually KK Mladost who became champions—without a single lost match. The players that represented KK Mladost in 1962 included names such as Burić, Plamenac, Gvozdenović, Šturanović, Krstajić, Jovović, Zeković, Mijatović, Baletić, Filipovski, Vušurović and Nikolić.

In 1966 KK Mladost changed its name back to KK Sutjeska, but in 1970 the name was changed again to KK Partizan. Finally, in 1974, the team changed its name from Partizan to KK Sutjeska without taking away the Sutjeska name until 2003, when the club was known under a couple of names up until 2010. In 2010 the club was registered back to the traditional name of KK Sutjeska.

On February 9, 2013, in the final match of the Montenegrin Basketball Cup, KK Sutjeska beat long-time rivals KK Budućnost Podgorica, 64–55. It was the first time, since Montenegro independence in 2006, that KK Budućnost failed to win.

On September 10, 2015, Sutjeska was admitted in the 2015–16 ABA League. It was their first Regional competition.